Banking & Capital Markets

Dispute resolution

The Reg E clock starts when the cardholder calls. Today, eight days of that clock is spent on case build — pulling the transaction trail, the AVS result, the 3DS attempt, the merchant's CDRN history, the prior pattern. Agents assemble the packet in minutes, apply the chargeback rule, draft the representment — so the case that reaches an analyst arrives ready to file.

After
4 hours
Time to provisional credit
Before8.5 days
Reg E §1005.11(c) gives 10 business days — agents pre-assemble within hours
After
62%
Autonomous triage rate
Before8%
Clean-pattern CNP fraud disputed autonomously; human signs off provisional credit
After
51%
Representment win rate
Before38%
+13pp uplift cited by Justt, Chargeflow, Quavo + AI programmes (issuer side)
Verifi CDRNEthocaQuavoPega CSFIS OptisFICO FalconSalesforce FSCVROLUnified dispute packetAnalyst workbench
One week of disputes · cycle-time compression

Where the Reg E clock goes

Today · Verifi alerts + manual case build
16.8d total · 8.5 days to provisional credit
Intake
Triage
Evidence
Rule application
Provisional credit
Submission
Representment
Outcome
Intake 4hTriage 18hEvidence 2dRule application 1.5dProvisional credit 8hSubmission 1dRepresentment 8dOutcome 3d
Agent-assisted · evidence pre-assembled, packet drafted
3.3d total · 4 hours to provisional credit
Intake
Triage
Evidence
Rule application
Provisional credit
Submission
Representment
Outcome
Intake 30mTriage 30mEvidence 1hRule application 1hProvisional credit 2hSubmission 2hRepresentment 2dOutcome 1d
Time to disposition
42 days11 days
Autonomous triage
8%62%
Cases / analyst / day
1234
Representment win
38%51%
Featured case

DR-2026-08842 · $412.50 · VAPR-FX Digital Goods · VCR 10.4

Cardholder
Member M-118402
•••• •••• •••• 4471 · Visa Signature · Rewards
Tenure 7y 1mo · risk low · 0 disputes in 24mo
Disputed amount
$412.50
Thu, 28 May 2026 03:14:11 UTC
Merchant
VAPR-FX Digital Goods
MCC 5816 · Digital Goods · Games
VAPRFX*GAMECREDIT 8773-DG-EU
Reg E clock
T+5 days
§1005.11(c) provisional credit due T+10
VCR 10.4 filing window: 120d
Evidence assembled
Pulled from 4 systems of record in < 90 seconds. Each artifact tagged with source.
  • Cardholder claim · IVR transcript
    Pega CSCollected

    Call 28-May 14:02 CT. Member denies the $412.50 charge; reports never used VAPR-FX. Verified identity via knowledge-based authentication.

  • Transaction log · authorization trail
    FIS OptisPulled

    AVS=N, CVV2=M, 3DS attempted (not authenticated). MCC 5816 (digital goods). Settlement amount matches authorization.

  • Falcon fraud signal · score 947 / 1000
    FICO FalconCross-checked

    Same-session card-testing probes ($4.99 ×2). Cross-border anomaly: IP Frankfurt vs. cardholder Austin. Device fingerprint first-seen <60s prior to charge.

  • Cardholder dispute history · 24mo
    QuavoCross-checked

    0 prior disputes in 24 months. Tenure 7y. Last CP transaction 4h before disputed charge in Austin TX. Low friendly-fraud risk score.

  • Merchant profile · prior CDRN alerts
    Verifi CDRNCross-checked

    VAPR-FX has 3.4% chargeback ratio (above 0.9% Visa threshold). 12 prior CDRN alerts in 90 days for same MCC. No 3DS challenge enforced.

  • Ethoca match · merchant did not refund
    EthocaCross-checked

    Pre-arbitration alert raised to merchant 28-May 14:08 CT. 72-hour resolution window expired without merchant refund.

Network-rule application
Visa VCR · Fraud
Visa VCR 10.4
Other Fraud — Card-Absent Environment

Cardholder did not authorize and did not participate in the transaction; CNP environment. Used when no other fraud reason code applies.

Visa Core Rules · VCR 2.0 · Dispute Condition 10.4 · 120-day filing window from processing date

Required elements
  • Transaction occurred in card-absent environment

    POS entry mode = e-commerce; no PAN swipe / chip read.

  • Cardholder asserts non-participation

    IVR transcript captured 28-May 14:02 CT; identity verified.

  • Issuer attempted Visa Secure (3DS) authentication

    3DS attempted but not authenticated — merchant did not enforce challenge. Liability remains with merchant.

  • Within 120-day filing window from processing date

    Processing date 2026-05-28; filing today 2026-06-02 = 5 days. Within window.

  • No prior Dispute Condition 10.4 on same transaction

    First-pass dispute confirmed via VROL lookup.

Anticipated merchant defence
  • · Compelling Evidence 3.0: prove same PAN used in ≥ 2 prior transactions > 120 days old, no prior fraud reports, matching device fingerprint + IP / shipping address.
  • · Visa Secure full authentication (challenge completed) → liability shift to issuer.
  • · Proof of digital goods delivery to an IP / email tied to cardholder.
Cardholder activity · 8-day window
Card-testing probes flagged in red. Normal CP activity (Austin TX) bookends the take-over.
  • 2026-05-22
    Trader Joe's #621 Austin TX
    $84.12
    Card
    · Normal pattern · CP
  • 2026-05-24
    Shell Oil 8821 Austin TX
    $52.40
    Card
    · Normal pattern · CP
  • 2026-05-28
    VAPR-FX Digital Goods
    $412.50
    Card
    Disputed · CNP · DE IP
  • 2026-05-28
    STMR*MicroTopup
    $4.99
    Card
    Card-testing probe · same minute as VAPR-FX
  • 2026-05-28
    STMR*MicroTopup
    $4.99
    Card
    Card-testing probe (repeated)
  • 2026-05-28
    WORLDLD*GiftCard EU
    $199.00
    Card
    Same fingerprint · auth declined by Falcon
  • 2026-05-29
    Whole Foods #341 Austin TX
    $67.80
    Card
    · Cardholder resumes normal use (after re-issue)
Agent reasoning trace
  1. 1
    Intake parsed · reason code candidate set

    Pulled IVR transcript and chat from Pega. Member asserts non-participation in $412.50 VAPR-FX charge. Candidate codes: 10.4 (CNP fraud), 13.1 (not received), 11.3 (no auth). Eliminated 11.3 (auth approved) and 13.1 (digital goods, no shipment claim). Selected 10.4.

  2. 2
    Evidence assembled across 4 source systems

    Transaction trail from FIS Optis (AVS=N, CVV=M, 3DS attempted, MCC 5816). FICO Falcon score 947/1000 with two card-testing probes in the same session. Cardholder dispute history (0 in 24mo) from Quavo. Merchant CDRN alert history (3.4% chargeback ratio) from Verifi.

  3. 3
    Fraud-pattern confluence · CNP take-over signature

    Device fingerprint first-seen <60s before charge. IP Frankfurt vs. cardholder Austin (last CP txn 4h prior). Two same-session $4.99 probes consistent with card-testing. AVS mismatch. Pattern matches account-takeover via PAN compromise, not friendly fraud.

  4. 4
    VCR 10.4 requirements · all 5 satisfied

    Card-absent confirmed. Cardholder asserts non-participation. 3DS attempted but not authenticated (merchant did not enforce challenge → liability stays merchant-side). Within 120-day filing window. No prior 10.4 on this transaction.

  5. 5
    Recommendation drafted · awaiting human approval

    Recommend: provisional credit $412.50 within Reg E 10-day window, issue chargeback to acquirer under VCR 10.4, re-issue PAN, suppress card-testing merchants. Agent will NOT issue provisional credit (Reg E §1005.11 requires institution decision). Packet ready for analyst sign-off.

Drafted dispute packet
VCR 10.4 · 6-section
Agent drafts; analyst signs off provisional credit and submits via VROL. Filing deadline 120d from processing.

Packet will draft after the agent completes its analysis.

Guardrails before guardrails come up
Agents triage, assemble, draft

Reason code selected, evidence pulled from four systems of record, network-rule clauses confirmed, representment packet drafted. Every artifact links back to the source.

Humans refund, approve, file

Provisional credit decisions are institution-owned per Reg E §1005.11(c) — agents never refund. Any recommended disposition that nets a loss above $X / case threshold escalates to a dispute manager. Submissions to VROL / Mastercom are human-triggered.

Cites or doesn't claim

Every rule application traces to the specific VCR / MCOP clause. Every fraud signal links to the Falcon score, the AVS / 3DS result, the CDRN history. Defensible against a network compliance audit.

Want this on your dispute stack?
We'll scope a 2-week discovery sprint against one dispute typology on your Quavo, Pega, or FIS Optis data — and come back with the pod, the KPI, and the price.